Health Promotion & Alcohol

The majority (31%) of deaths from alcoholic liver disease were among those geed 50-59 years. My rationale for picking the target group under ass's is because I want to try & prevent under ass's from the onset of dying of alcoholic liver disease because 40 upwards It may be too late to prevent people from alcohol abuse. Pittance et al 2006 states that Simply delaying onset of alcohol consumption from early to late adolescence is an important goal for preventing alcohol misuse and also for preventing long term alcohol related diseases.According to Alcohol concern a very scary thought is that In London, hospital admissions for liver disease caused by drinking among the under-thirties have risen y 112 per cent in the past decade, with doctors saying professional women in their twenties and thirties, who might only consider themselves ‘social' drinkers, have played a major part in this rise. Slide 2: Health† Health Is defined In the WHO constitution of 1948 as So then what Is health promoteHealth promotion, public health, health education and health improvements are widely, and often imprecisely, defined. Tangential (2009) argues that there are so many definitions that the term health promotion' has become meaningless. According to Green & Tones 2010, Health promotion is†¦ And More recently The WHO , 2014, has defined Health promotion as † the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental Interventions .I was surprised while doing my research on health promotion to discover how Benton (2008) pointed out that even in successful areas, such as tobacco control and raising issues related to health inequalities, health promotion has received no credit no acknowledgement. This is where us nurses of the future come Into play. It Is our Job to make promoting health an everyday occurrence using every opportunity we can wh en in contact with patients. Ã'›â€ ¦ People who drink excessively do not perceive themselves as being unhealthy.The Department of Health 201 3, supports this by saying 83% of people who regularly drink above the guidelines don't think their drinking is putting their long-term health at risk. The health Belief Model which was originally developed by Rosenstein In 1966 fits very well into this conception of behavior change requiring a state of readiness to susceptibility to a particular health condition. Slide 3: Factors influencing health: Health is shaped by many different factors & Effective health promotion influences the determinants of health.The ‘determinants' of health† are people's values, cultural, social, economic and environmental living conditions According to Davies, 2012, The influence of social norms on alcohol misuse include peer pressure, perceived expectation, gaining respect and cultural acceptance. Lifestyle: for students: no money so they binge d rink: Many adolescents engage in ‘binge drinking, defined by as a high intake of alcohol in a short pace of time.Finance: Although London is home to many higher income residents as is parts of chloroformed, it also has its share of of poverty and disadvantaged populations. A high income individual can drink coffee and smoke a pack of cigarettes Just as often as the individual with a low income. I think as nurses it is important to consider the reasons why and understand the contextual factors such as the environment, the societal structure and the capacity to make good health decisions Socio-Economic conditions such as: Housing: One major impact on the health and well-being of people is where and how they live.Not only is the physical and social environment important, but the home is also the setting within which care is increasingly provided by both family and community based health and social care. Poor housing can affect people's health. Employment: According to Marmot & Wi lkinson 2006, Work is the area where many of the important influences on health are played out. This includes both employment conditions and the nature of work itself. Culture:According to the Poverty statistics. Org. K, 2014 (Black and minority ethnic groups) are more likely to report ill health, and experience ill health earlier tawniest British people. Bio-psycho-social needs: Clear association between Mental health and drinking. Depression. According to the WHO , 2009, Inequities in relation to alcohol, Worldwide causes 1. 8 million deaths. Unintentional injuries alone account for about one third of the 1. 8 million deaths. We have become all too accustomed to much of the global burden of disease which is unavoidable & therefore unacceptable. It is inequitable.Same can be said for the unavoidable deaths as a result of alcohol abuse. According to the UPCHUCK 2007, The highest burden of alcohol-related disease in the world is in the region of he former Soviet Union and Central Asi a, where it amounts to 13% of the total disease burden Slide 4: Effects of Alcohol So what is alcohol†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. According to Drug free world. Org Alcohol is a drug. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down vital functions?resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, According to Davies, 2012, In large quantities, alcohol is neurotic.Sustained high consumption above the recommended safe intake can destroy brain cells. Excess alcohol can affect your brain and cause depression. Certain types of cancer such as mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophageal anger have also been linked to drinking too much alcohol. Drinking excessively may also increase your risk of bowel and breast cancer. Research has found that women who drink 2-5 units a day are 41% more likely to get breast cancer than those who don'.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Stomach ulcers are more common if you regularly drink more than the recommended daily amount.Heavy drinking is also associated with stomachache . Liver cirrhosis and fatty liver disease are directly linked to excessive drinking, as is liver cancer. Alcohol can cause pancreatic. This is when the pancreas becomes inflamed and doesn't work as it should. You also have a greater risk of high blood pressure which can lead to stroke. Heart problems like coronary heart disease and the heart beating irregularly (arrhythmia) are also linked to excessive drinking. Damage to your heart muscle (cardiopulmonary) can cause it to pump blood around your body less effectively. Diet: †¦.. Induce hunger†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Importance of a Small Class Size Essay

Wenyan Dong Writing 6 First draft Causes and Effects of Reducing Class Size Improving the quality of education becomes common trend today. People have made many ways to support education. Most of schools reduce the size of class that make more chances for students and teachers to communicate face to face. The reducing of class result from some courses and also makes some effects to teachers and students. The first significant cause is the attention from teachers is not equal to different grade students. Small class had origin in early years. Follow the increasing of population, small size class has become bigger. Recent research reveals that there were 50†60 students in one class, but Just one or two teachers advise class. It means that one teacher Just pay a little patient for each student in presentation, speech, question, and homework. Thus, many teachers pay more attention on students who have prefect grade and ignore students who have a low grade. It is not equal to low grade students because they pay same tuition and fee to school also study hard.. In addition, teachers who teach in a big class have to take a lot of work after class and exhaust them. They have to correct students’ homework for a long time. Also students ask many question after class if they do not understand, however, it exhaust teachers’ energy and patient and they don’t have enough time and disable to answer each question to each students. As a result, student could not get help immediately. Meanwhile, environment in class is important. Teachers could not control teaching environment in big class, because it is difficult to make students keep quiet and concentrate on blackboard whole time. Also students do not have enough personal environments, because it is crowd, usually two students have to share one big desk on big class, hence, there are no room for other hings but book. Due to those causes, it would decrease the quality of education, at the same time, lost a lot of labor cost, also waste time and money of students and parents. Thus, school reducing the size of class. It could make more time for teacher work for each student; furthermore, teacher can communicate with student face to face. In addition, it could make study environment better for students. Consequently, teachers who teach in small class do not need to do many assignments after class, even if they also need to make a correction about students’ homework, but they may have more time to be a tutor and help students who do not nderstand in the class. Meanwhile teacher could focus on the question for each student that would be equal for every student. Moreover, on being assigned to smaller classes, teacher reported that class atmosphere is better, that students could receive more individualized attention and that the teachers have more flexibility to use instructional approaches and assignments. To sum up, reducing the class size is inescapably. It leads to higher achievement of students and make more time improve the quality of education, but also make students and teachers keep touch closely. Therefore, reducing class size is good way for students and teachers.

Revolutionizing the World Through Social Responsibility Essay

Businesses won’t be able to function effectively and efficiently without the help of the government. People are having a hard time figuring out the role of businesses in line with the aftermaths of different scandals and fiascos in the past. Friedman also wrote in his essay in 1972: â€Å"The Social Responsibility of businesses is to generate money. † After hearing a lot of Corporate Social Responsibility talks, this one line fairly caused a bit of confusion for me. Businesses’ sole purpose and objective is to generate money. It’s implied. But whenever I hear Social Responsibility, I think of the words â€Å"philanthropy† and â€Å"non-profit†. But I think what Friedman meant in his essay is that in order for businesses to fully grasp their social responsibility in this economy is to first generate profit because that’s a start. They won’t be able to participate in this whole social responsibility thing if they don’t have impact capital. Businesses are created to do several ranges of things. First is to deliver superior value. They should help in the repair of damaged status quo. Second is to be mindful of their social impact. Businesses should use themselves to influence and promote social responsibility. Lastly, they should create and uphold new equilibrium. In this age wherein inequality is very rampant, businesses should initiate change and promote equality in their system then to the society. Businesses should create world changing impact. It’s what we need. In order for this to take place, there should be a cross-section collaboration between the government & business and philanthropy & non-profit. People should stop placing all the work to the private sectors can solve our problems and blaming them if they won’t be able to address the people’s problems. The speaker mentioned something about forces that can drive new movement in the supply chain. First is impact investing wherein capitalists create social benefit and drive economic return. One example is the disruptive model of a business called Zipcar. Zipcar encourages people to share a car, thus, taking cars off the road rather than putting more cars on the road which is better for the renter, sharer and most importantly, to the planet. Impact investing later on flows to demand. Businesses drive meaning & money and profit & purpose in order for them to generate profit and impact. The government plays a very vital role on the impact economy. It creates rules of the road in which firms can succeed. In which investors and entrepreneurs can thrive. The speaker enumerated four main functions of the government in order for them to participate fully in the impact economy. First, the government encourages standards. These standards help in the facilitation of common metrics. Global Impact Investing Reporting Standards (GIIRS) is one example. GIIRS evaluate firms’ performances to determine the social good that the business creates. Second, the government helps facilitate access. They help small and large businesses to gain entrance in the economy. Third, the government creates incentives. These incentives are powerful because they encourage people to be part of purpose-driven businesses. Lastly, it erects guardrails to protect the interest of the public. After watching this, it made me aware of the important roles played by businesses and the government. True enough. Businesses wouldn’t function well without the help of the government and vice versa. Collaboration between them should be fully applied. The government creates conditions in which businesses could succeed. Businesses help balance the economy with its clarification of the market with the mix of incentives. If these two function effectively together, impact economy can change our lives for the better. written by: Pamela Jessica V. Zaragoza Revolutionizing the World Through Social Responsibility – Speaker: Jonathan Greenblatt

The correlation between organisational culture and security Essay

The correlation between organisational culture and security - Essay Example The extent to which organisational culture determines nature and perceptions of the security environment is both of practical relevance and theoretical interest. A highly typical scenario exists when choices about security have to be made by the management as an opportunity cost principle (Fennelly, 2003, p.364). The primacy and immediacy of such choices lie in the fleeting background of real and perceived threat perceptions by the organisation. Thus organisational culture converges on the logical premise that hidden threats to its own existence could be physical and real or/and perceived and unreal. The extent to which these conceptualisations will determine the response of the organisation depends on the organisational culture. When organisational culture is based on "a set of shared values and beliefs among a community or people", then perceptions about security and threats become more formidable because such perceptions acquire a larger dimension in the organisational context, including a costs versus benefits evaluation (MacCrie, 2007, p.230). Above all organisational culture is a theoretical construct with implications for the security of the organisation beyond the definable limits.Organisational culture presupposes a pattern of behavioural tendencies on the part of both internal and external stakeholders (Driskill and Brenton, 2005, p.12). Mutually beneficial behaviours and a system of corresponding rights and obligations presume that the organisation progresses through a complex network of sub-cultures that seamlessly integrate into a value-centric system. Internal and external relationships that exist at each level and layer, are presumably influenced by the quality and quantum of communications. This in turn has an impact on the organisation's security perceptions. An analogous situation exists in group relations where groups of individuals bound by their own internal rules, rights and obligations will still seek to establish contacts with others. At the individual organisational level this behaviour is subject to a renewed concern for security and an ever increasing awareness of threats. As Schein puts it, "Culture is an abstraction, yet the forces that are created in social and organisational situations that derive from culture are powerful" (Schein, 2004, p.3). Mullins, on the other hand, states that an organisation pursues its goals based on an underlying ideology or philosophy, based on beliefs, values and attitudes. Within the organisation, culture is a pervasive influence over people's behaviour and actions, and reflects in the performance of work - what is not acceptable and what behaviours and actions are encouraged and discouraged. It can also include traditions, values, beliefs and attitudes (Mullins, 2007, p.531). Mullins places emphasis on the objectivity of culture influence and also attributes some ideological characteristics to it. Finally organisational goals,

Proposing a Solution to a Problem-Childhood obisity Essay

Proposing a Solution to a Problem-Childhood obisity - Essay Example One major problem regarding children’s health is the huge quantity of sugary and high calorie food that is available to them at school. Vending machines are not supervised so it is hard to stop children from eating or drinking as much of these types of food or drink as they want. And since children don’t know what is best for them, this can often be a lot. A number of recent studies have shown the negative role vending machines play in children’s health. Removing them from schools is a potential solution to this unfortunate problem. Part of the reason why the issue of vending machines is on the radar these days is because obesity is becoming more and more of a problem in the United States. Obesity can lead to diseases like Type-2 Diabetes. According to Amy Virus, a registered dietitian, â€Å"[m]iddle schools students are at particular risk, because they are going through puberty, their physical activity and dietary habits are fluctuating . . .† (Colwell). It doesn’t help that there is temptation around every corner, with as many as 75 per cent of middle schools possessing vending machines which sell sugary drinks and fatty snacks. With all the emotion going on in their lives, it is not surprising that children going through puberty might reach out to enjoy some â€Å"comfort food.† Although some might call them â€Å"comfort foods,† but others might call them â€Å"competitive foods,† as the U.S. Department of Agriculture does. These are â€Å"foods offered at school other than meals served through USDA school mean programs—school breakfast, school lunch, and after-school snack programs† (Kaufman). Because the USDA is responsible to parents and taxpayers, it is careful to provide healthy options for school meals. Plus, this food is being given out by employees and teachers. If a student comes back to the cafeteria for a fourth helping of food, the staff can easily say, â€Å"You’ve

The Epistmology of Conspiracy Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Epistmology of Conspiracy Theories - Essay Example What exists about such events is only fantasizing of what might have been the cause. There are various such conspiracies in the world. The first one concerns the source of Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. People speculate that it was a product of Soviet or American biological warfare and that it was released either with or without the knowledge of the scientist who made it. People were also not aware that such virus existed. The second conspiracy concerns extraterrestrials that frequently visited the earth with the intention of killing cows and human beings. The memories of these individuals and animals are then erased from our memories such that forget them forever (Keeley 6). The third conspiracy explains that there once had a good transport system in Los Angeles city which was made up of street cars. In 1930 to 1940, car manufactures, rubber makers and oil marketers formed a conspiracy group that distracted this transport system. The in tention of the group was to turn the city’s transport system into an automobile type. It, therefore, made large sales by selling such automobiles. The fourth conspiracy is that of â€Å"Trans World Airlines Flight 800.† The plane was accidentally sunk into the sea by a United State navy missile. The government then covered the facts behind this accident by refusing to release the right information to them media. These were just the mere speculations that went around in the public. The sixth most common conspiracy is the most surprising one. The United State is said to record all telephone calls made by people living in Transatlantic. The National Security Agency was the body behind this monitoring and recording (Keeley 8). Their primary intention is still yet to be known. The fifth conspiracy speculates that a small group of Jewish bankers controls the world economy. Other groups that were speculated were the Trilateral Commission and Freemasons. The sixth and the most talked about conspiracy involve the Oklahoma City bombing. It is speculated that a police officer guarding the main entrance of the building had in the previous days killed a person. His friends swore to revenge by throwing a bomb at him. They did so and killed the officer together with an extra 168 people. A clear analysis of the Oklahoma City bombing can reveal some characteristics of a conspiracy theory. After the bombing, news went around that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms had been forewarned before it took place, which they denied. A wise person should understand that such speculations or news in the media may be false or true. However, a conspiracy can be identified by a number of characteristics (Keeley 10). First, it offers the clarification of the event in question. The aim of this clarification is to confuse people’s minds and distract them far away from the truth. The second characteristic is that the people behind the bad event are revealed as weak and not capable of doing such an event. They are revealed to have played a helping role. They are seen as setting the main event that caused the disaster. Third, the group that does wrong or harmful event must be small in number. Other larger groups of people whom they are acting for, is largely hidden. Fourth, they cast doubts on an official story that had been earlier released. It, therefore, acts as a cover

Gathering instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gathering instruments - Essay Example Test results Interview on Increased wait-time effectiveness Teacher Tallying worksheet Teacher assessment in comparison with wait-time journaling The research will have four data sources that will be used to gather for the analysis of the experiment based on the question: What are the effects of increased wait time on the quantity of correct responses from elementary ELL students in a classroom? Data collection process is simple for the clients to comprehend following that the interview will be based on set answers, for example, a student will have to choose one option provided in the questionnaire. The first technique of gathering data will be the results obtained from the test that will be used to show the effect of increased wait-time on students. The test will have distributed grade 5 questions of different subjects including mathematics, Biology, English and Science. This test will have questions that require different cognitive levels. The researcher will then record the number of correct and incorrect responses from each of the ELL students. The test result will provide analysis on correct answers prior to increasing wait-time and after when the wait-time is increased depending on the cognitive level of the questions. The test will have 50 questions of which 10 will be read to the students for one week with normal wait-time and then a repeat of the trend for the next one week with increased wait-time . The researcher will use the test to find out whether increased wait-time has an effect on the quantity of correct responses from the two ELL students. Secondly, the researcher will conduct an interview that will be transformed into a percentile pie chart to indicate how normal wait-time (session #1) and increased wait-time (session #2) affects the quantity of correct responses from the two ELL students. For two weeks, the students will be requested to select a session, which provided sufficient time for critical thinking in giving correct responses. The re searcher will tally the interview responses to see the change in the trend of correct responses given by students. The two sessions will be formulated into a chart that will indicate the effect on the quantity of correct responses after increased wait-time is implemented. The third data collection technique will be a teachers tally on the number of correct response from the student. The quantity of correct responses after increasing wait-time will be tabulated in a table against a table that will be indicating the number of correct responses prior to increased wait-time. The table will be then analyzed used mathematical formulae to determine to determine the effect on correct responses after the implementation of increased wait-time. Lastly, the final data source will be an assessment of the responses given by the students. The researcher will assess every response given by the students in comparison with the wait-time allowed for every question. This will also include behavior asse ssment on the willingness of a student to give a response that directly affects the nature of the response, either correct or incorrect. Additionally, the researcher will analyze the effect of increased wait-time on a student’s cognitive level in responding to various questions. In conclusion, the four data sources will provide accurate data that will be analyzed collectively to