Scaffolding - A Instructional Strategy of Instructional Delivery for Special Education

Scaffolding - A Instructional Strategy of Instructional Delivery for Special Education Definition: Scaffolding is a word, like chunking, that describes how instruction is planned and delivered to students receiving special education services. All instruction is built on prior knowledge and students with disabilities often come without the same skill set or prior knowledge as their typical peers. A teacher is challenged to find the childs strengths and build on them to teach the important skills that will lead them either to academic or functional success. Often students with disabilities will not have the skill set their same aged peers have, and will need to have the components scaffolded to help them move on to an age appropriate set of academic skills.   A child who hasnt learned to write a multiple paragraph report may need to start at sentences, move on to a graphic organizer for a paragraph.   Once they can find the information and words they need, they may be ready to learn how to organizer their own paragraph.   Once one, then multiple paragraphs.   One of my autistic students with little independent language had strong counting skills. We used touch math as a way to teach him addition and subtraction, scaffolding on his strength in letter recognition, counting and memory of rote tasks.   He was able to do multiple addition and then subtraction problems without regrouping once he mastered the algorithms.   Ã‚   Alternate Spellings: Scaffold, Scaffolding, Scaffolded Examples Example 1 - Math: In order for Mrs. Stanley to help Roger learn the plane figures in geometry, she built on his interest in dot to dots. By repeatedly connecting the lettered vertices of the triangle, rectangle, square, rhombus, and other polygons, Roger was able remember both the names and criteria for each of the plane figures. Example 2 - Writing: Clarence is good at spelling and likes to write words he had memorized.    His teacher started to use that interest by creating graphic organizers where he could choose words for his sentences.   Next, his teacher finds out Clarences interests beyond electronic games.   Clarence loves African animals.   The teacher shows Clarence how to search for pictures of favorite animals and download them as jpegs.   Then Clarence learns how to place the pictures in a publishing program and add a caption.Once Clarence has found his favorite animals, the teacher will create a   note book.   Then he will guide Clarence how to do a web search to find facts about the animals on a fact sheet:   What kind of animal? (mammal, fish, bird, reptile, etc.)   What do they eat?   Where are they on the food chain?   A predator or grazer?   After Clarence has collected lots of information on the fact sheets, the teacher will provide a graphic organizer with the topic sentences for each paragraph in a graphic organizer.   Clarence will use the skill he gained f rom the first level of the scaffold (writing a sentence in a template/graphic organizer) to writing about each animal of interest.   Publish. Clarence drops pictures into the text and creates a book.   Spring for color printing, maybe even binding.

Platos Digression of Regimes and The Order of the Soul

Platos Digression of Regimes and The Order of the Soul Free Online Research Papers Book VIII of the Republic of Plato is very clear in its intent. Socrates had just finished describing his ideal state in the previous book, the Aristocratic Republic. However to truly decide whether this is the best political regime in terms of the happiness of its citizens, other regimes must be analyzed in comparison. There are four regimes which, in a sense, digress from the highest regarded Aristocracy. Each of which has a subsequent individual whose dominant characteristic, or order of the soul is in direct relation to that regime. However Socrates’ will also show that it is the individual who dictates the regime, and inevitable digression into the system below it. In this essay I will assess Book VIII and show how the principal virtue of each regime (and of the individual therein) eventually becomes its principal vice and digression. The dialogue in this book takes place mostly between Socrates and Glaucon. The objective is to consider carefully if the best political system, the Aristocracy, produces the happiest individual. â€Å"There are four forms it is worthwhile to have an account of, and whose mistakes are worth seeing; and similarly with the men who are like these regimes; so that, when we have seen them all and agreed which man is the best and which worst, we could consider whether the best man is happiest and the worst most wretched, or whether it is otherwise.† (544a, b.)1. The four regimes post or sub-Aristocracy, in order of digression from the one with highest inherent good to least, is as follows: Timocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy, and Tyranny. Each one comes attached with a human in which their character reflects in the regime. Aristocracy’s are ruled by Philosopher kings and are, as such based on reason and wisdom, its people, lovers of justice. The Timocracy differs from the Aristocracy in that it is far more militant, its people, lovers of honour. The Oligarchy places precedence in financial and material acquisition, its people, lovers of money. The Democracy is rooted in freedom of the individual, its people enjoy it through the assorted (and what Socrates will argue, unnecessary) desires it fosters. Last, and in this case least (in terms of ‘good’), is Tyranny. This regime is emphasized by lawlessness, and the skewed sense of morals due to the corruption of power. We start with the transitional period of the decay from Aristocracy to Timocracy, what Socrates considers to be the best and least corrupt of the lesser regimes. Because the Aristocracy is the system held in highest regard, he believes that it is also the most difficult change. The only way it will digress into a Timocracy is when people start having children when they shouldn’t. The result of this overpopulation is a society harder to control, and an eventual mixing of the class systems or metals Socrates explains in the prior books. â€Å"Although they are wise, the men you educated as leaders of the city will nontheless fail to hit on the prosperous birth and barrenness of your kind with calculation aided by sensation, but it will pass them by, and they will at some time beget children when they should not.† (546b.)2. This blending of the social structure will then lead to people assuming positions of power, which, in the former system would not be qualified, essentially meaning they are not Philosopher Kings. I don’t believe the reader is meant to take this literally, and when reading this part of the book, Socrates’ excuse for the decline of his Utopia (due to over population) seems almost satirical. I believe it is meant to be taken more as a metaphor for the unpredictability of nature. These less philosophically inclined rulers will tend to lean towards war as opposed to peace when in power. The individual, following suit with the regime he lives in will love gymnastics, hunting, and although he would despise money when he’s young, as he aged he would grow to love it more, as he no longer devotes himself to excellence. This will happen as the best guardian, the power of reasoned, educated speech, leaves him. â€Å"a lover of hearing, although he’s by no means skilled in rhetoric.† (549a.)3. It is this point which I believe differentiates him most from the Guardian class he came from, his inability for abstract, philosophic thought and argument. It is here when a pattern arises in the transition from regime to regime. It is the children, unsatisfied with the lives of their parents, which would be the lives otherwise set out for themselves; should they not actively choose to live differently, that have the greatest impact. This rebellion is the spark of the fire which eventually burns the structures of any political regime in question. The boy of a Timocratic man would see everything his father has. A life devoted to honour is rich in virtue, however the son would only see what that lifestyle lacks. In this case possessions. â€Å"humbled by poverty he turns greedily to money-making; and bit by bit, saving, and working, he collects money. Don’t you suppose that such a man now puts the desiring and money-loving part on the throne, and makes it the great king within himself†(553c.) 4. The more this perpetuates the more we see the societal balance tipping from virtue, in favour of wealth. â€Å"Well then, I said, from the progress in money making and the more honorable they consider it, the less honorable they consider virtue. Or isn’t virtue in tension with wealth, as though each were lying on a scale of balance, always inclining in opposite directions?† (550e.) 5. â€Å"Instead of men who love victory and honor, they finally become lovers of money-making and money; and they praise and admire the wealthy man and bring him to the ruling offices, while they dishonor the poor man.† (551a.) 6. Once this transition is complete and it is the wealthiest men in the society who rule. The Timocracy has successfully degenerated into an Oligarchy. The Oligarchic state, and in turn Oligarchic man are fundamentally (according to Socrates) more flawed than the Timocracy and Timocrat respectively. Since the people in an Oligarchy respect wealth above all, the richest men will ascend to power, not the most qualified. â€Å"But what is the character of the regime? And what are the mistakes which we were saying it contains? First, I said, the very thing that defines a regime is one. Reflect: if a man were to choose pilots of ships in that way – on the basis of property assessments – and wouldn’t entrust one to a poor man, even if he were more skilled pilot-they would make poor sailing† (551c.) 7. The second major problem with the Oligarchy is that it will create a great class distinction between the rich and the poor. Once again the very thing that defines the regime and the people in it is inevitably its downfall. The gap in material possessions between classes leads to poorer class to revolt. â€Å"The poor are now in no wise despised by the rich. Rather it is often the case that a lean, tanned poor man is ranged in battle next to a rich man, reared in the shade, surrounded by a great deal of alien flesh, and sees him panting and full of perplexity. Don’t you suppose he believes that it is due to the vice of the poor that such men are rich, and when the poor meet in private, one passes the word to the other: ‘Those men are ours. For they are nothing† (556d, e.) 8. A Democracy would then come into being when the poor revolt and share office with the rich who are left. And also again the children come into play here. Their fathers, obsessed with making money, would also be reluctant to spend it since they love it so much. â€Å"I suppose a son would be born to that stingy, Oligarchic man, a son reared by his father, in his dispositions. ‘Of course’. Now, this son too, forcibly ruling all the pleasures in himself that are spendthrifty and do not conduce to money-making, those ones that are called unnecessary.† (558b, d) 9. What Socrates means here, is the children of the Oligarchs would eventually inherit their father’s wealth. And because they did not have to work for it, would be much more partial to spend it. This unnecessary spending would in turn lead to unnecessary desires. And in turn a Democracy is born. Democracies, which some might find rather low on the list, is not surprisingly for anyone who has read the Republic thoroughly up to this point. In describing Socrates’ ideal state you soon find that he does not believe all men are created equal. Everyone in his society is important, specific to where they fall under his class system, but to assume an Auxiliary is equal to a Guardian would defeat the purpose of class systems and the Noble Lie. In a Democracy all men are equal and free to indulge in whatever desires they please. Because the democratic individual is so inclined to such (what Socrates would say are trivial, or even dangerous) desires. The reason in his soul is severely lacking, hence why Democracy is only succeeded by Tyranny. Although it may appear that the Democratic man would be very happy, it seems as though his happiness is superficial and clouded by his ignorance and Socrates would never be quoted as saying ‘ignorance is bliss’. â€Å"The ultimate in freedom of the multitude, my friend, I said, occurs in such a city when the purchased slaves, male and female, are no less free than those who have bought them.† (563b) 10. What Socrates is saying here is that eventually the idea of freedom will become so extreme that everyone will be equal, including slaves and their masters. And because of this the rulers of the regime would be questioned as to why they are held in higher regard than the citizens. This questioning of power would lead to the masses claiming the rulers were in fact Oligarchs, and un-democratic. Socrates believes that when you have something so extreme in one direction (in this case freedom) it will inevitably swing in another direction, causing an extreme of the exact opposite. â€Å"And, really anything that is done to excess is likely to provoke a correspondingly great change in the opposite direction-in seasons, plants, bodies, and, in particular, not least in regimes. Too much freedom seems to change into nothing but too much slavery, both for private man and city.† (563e – 564a) 11. As the majority questions the democratic rule, and the ‘oligarchic’ leaders, one person will take charge in the revolt. This man will easily ascend quickly to be a leader of the masses, who have become soft, caring only for their desires. â€Å"Aren’t the people always accustomed to set of one man as their special leader and to foster him and make him grow great? Yes they are accustomed to do that. It’s plain therefore , I said, that when a tyrant grows naturally, he sprouts from a root of leadership and from nowhere else.† (565c, d) 12. And this is how a Tyranny is born out of a decaying democracy. Just as every regime prior, the very â€Å"virtue† the system is based on is the primary reason for its digression. A Tyranny, the worst regime according to Socrates, has the least inherent good, and thus, least happiness for its people. The tyrant will abuse his position and constantly wage wars against other states so that he has a reason and unquestioned purpose to lead, and tax the public. Its people become slaves only because they let themselves, allowing and even enforcing the Tyrant into power. The unlimited freedom of the democracy has made this transition easy and inevitable. So what can be learned by book 8? Socrates stresses the power of the individual and how he is ultimately responsible for the society and regime he lives in. Once more the individual’s soul is reflected in the regime, and vice versa. The Aristocracy, and those who live in it, has the perfect balance of the soul, with reason, logic and intelligence paramount. Next, the Timocracy, is praised for its honour based society and individuals who hold honour above all else, however it lacks the integral philosophic leadership of its preceding system, and thus falls short in terms of ideal, and the best possible happiness for its people. Following Timocracy, comes the Oligarchy. It is this transition I see as the start of real decay, both in the sense of the regime and in the individual. While honour can be praised, Love of something tangible, like money, seems to blind the regime and individual alike. If it were not for his greed and obsession with status, he would be a rogue within the state. After which comes democracy which although at first might seem like a virtuous society, holding the freedoms of individuals above all else, self implodes. The individual becomes so lost in his desires; he is unaware and uncaring of what is happening around him. He does not care for intelligence and reason and has a soul filled with excess. His ignorance makes it easy for his regime to be transformed and taken over by a Tyrant, the worst of all, whose power hungry lust will create a slave like society unable to do anything. The Tyrant’s soul is as broken as the regime he looks over. Aristocracy > Timocracy > Oligarchy > Democracy > Tyranny are intrinsically linked to Reason > Honour > Money > Freedom > Power. By finding which characteristic of the soul is most dominant in that individual, you can label the regime as such. Research Papers on Plato's Digression of Regimes and The Order of the SoulComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric Anderson

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is the lawful imposition of death as punishment for a crime. In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam, and the US) accounted for 97 percent of all global executions. On average, every 9-10 days a government in the United States executes a prisoner. It is the Eighth Amendment, the constitutional clause that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, that is at the center of the debate about capital punishment in America. Although most Americans support capital punishment under some circumstances, according to Gallup support for capital punishment has dropped dramatically from a high of 80 percent in 1994 to about 60 percent today. Facts and Figures Red state executions per million population are an order of magnitude greater than blue state executions (46.4 v 4.5). Blacks are executed at a rate significantly disproportionate to their share of the overall population. Based on 2000 data, Texas ranked 13th in the country in violent crime and 17th in murders per 100,000 citizens. However, Texas leads the nation in death penalty convictions and executions. Since the 1976 Supreme Court decision that reinstated the death penalty in the United States, the governments of the United States had executed 1,136, as of December 2008. The 1,000th execution, North Carolinas Kenneth Boyd, occurred in December 2005. There were 42 executions in 2007. Death Row More than 3,300 prisoners were serving death-row sentences in the US in December 2008. Nationwide, juries are delivering fewer death sentences: since the late 1990s, they have dropped 50 percent. The violent crime rate has also dropped dramatically since the mid-90s, reaching the lowest level ever recorded in 2005. Latest Developments In 2007, the Death Penalty Information Center released a report, â€Å"A Crisis of Confidence: Americans’ Doubts About the Death Penalty.† The Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty should reflect the conscience of the community, and that its application should be measured against societys evolving standards of decency. This latest report suggests that 60 percent of Americans do not believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to murder. Moreover, almost 40 percent believe that their moral beliefs would disqualify them from serving on a capital case. And when asked whether they prefer the death penalty or life in prison without parole as punishment for murder, the respondents were split: 47 percent death penalty, 43 percent prison, 10 percent unsure. Interestingly, 75 percent believe that a higher degree of proof is required in a capital case than in a prison as punishment case. (poll margin of error /- ~3%) In addition, since 1973 more than 120 people have had their death row convictions overturned. DNA testing has resulted in 200 non-capital cases to be overturned since 1989. Mistakes like these shake public confidence in the capital punishment system. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that almost 60 percent of those polled- including almost 60 percent of the southerners- in this study believe that the United States should impose a moratorium on the death penalty. An ad hoc moratorium is almost in place. After the 1,000th execution in December 2005, there were almost no executions in 2006 or the first five months of 2007. History Executions as a form of punishment date to at least the 18th century BC. In America, Captain George Kendall was executed in 1608 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia; he was accused of being a spy for Spain. In 1612, Virginia death penalty violations included what modern citizens would consider minor violations: stealing grapes, killing chickens and trading with Indians. In the 1800s, abolitionists took up the cause of capital punishment, relying in part on Cesare Beccarias 1767 essay, On Crimes and Punishment. From the 1920s-1940s, criminologists argued that the death penalty was a necessary and preventative social measure. The 1930s, also marked by the Depression, saw more executions than any other decade in our history. From the 1950s-1960s, public sentiment turned against capital punishment, and the number executed plummeted. In 1958, the Supreme Court ruled in Trop v. Dulles that the Eighth Amendment contained an evolving standard of decency that marked the progress of a maturing society. And according to Gallup, public support reached an all-time low of 42 percent in 1966. Two 1968 cases caused the nation to rethink its capital punishment law. In U.S. v. Jackson, the Supreme Court ruled that requiring that the death penalty be imposed only upon recommendation of a jury was unconstitutional because it encouraged defendants to plead guilty to avoid trial. In Witherspoon v. Illinois, the Court ruled on juror selection; having a reservation was insufficient cause for dismissal in a capital case. In June 1972, the Supreme Court (5-4) effectively voided death penalty statutes in 40 states and commuted the sentences of 629 death row inmates. In Furman v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment with sentencing discretion was cruel and unusual and thus violated the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. In 1976, the Court ruled that capital punishment itself was constitutional while holding that new death penalty laws in Florida, Georgia and Texas- which included sentencing guidelines, bifurcated trials, and automatic appellate review- were constitutional. A ten-year moratorium on executions that had begun with the Jackson and Witherspoon ended on 17 January 1977 with the execution of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. Deterrence There are two common arguments in support of capital punishment: that of deterrence and that of retribution. According to Gallup, most Americans believe that the death penalty is a deterrent to homicide, which helps them justify their support for capital punishment. Other Gallup research suggests that most Americans would not support capital punishment if it did not deter murder. Does capital punishment deter violent crimes? In other words, will a potential murderer consider the possibility that they might be convicted and face the death penalty before committing murder? The answer appears to be no. Social scientists have mined empirical data searching for the definitive answer on deterrence since the early 20th century. And most deterrence research has found that the death penalty has virtually the same effect as long imprisonment on homicide rates. Studies suggesting otherwise (notably, writings of Isaac Ehrlich from the 1970s) have been, in general, criticized for methodological errors. Ehrlichs work was also criticized by the National Academy of Sciences - but it is still cited as a rationale for deterrence. A 1995 survey of police chiefs and country sheriffs found that most ranked the death penalty last in a list of six options that might deter violent crime. Their top two picks? Reducing drug abuse and fostering an economy that provides more jobs. Data on murder rates  seem to discredit the deterrence theory as well. The region of the county with the greatest number of executions- the South- is the region with the largest murder rates. For 2007, the average murder rate in states with the death penalty was 5.5; the average murder rate of the 14 states without the death penalty was 3.1. Thus deterrence, which is offered as a reason to support capital punishment (pro), doesnt wash. Retribution In Gregg v Georgia, the Supreme Court wrote that [t]he instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man... The theory of retribution rests, in part, on the Old Testament and its call for an eye for an eye. Proponents of retribution argue that the punishment must fit the crime. According to The New American: Punishment- sometimes called retribution- is the main reason for imposing the death penalty. Opponents of retribution theory believe in the sanctity of life and often argue that it is just as wrong for society to kill as it is for an individual to kill. Others argue that what drives American support for capital punishment is the impermanent emotion of outrage. Certainly, emotion not reason seems to be the key behind support for capital punishment. Costs Some supporters of the death penalty also contend it is less expensive than a life sentence. Nevertheless, at least 47 states do have life sentences without the possibility of parole. Of those, at least 18 have no possibility of parole. And according to the ACLU: The most comprehensive death penalty study in the country found that the death penalty costs North Carolina $2.16 million more per execution than a non-death penalty murder case with a sentence of life imprisonment (Duke University, May 1993). In its review of death penalty expenses, the State of Kansas concluded that capital cases are 70% more expensive than comparable non-death penalty cases. Conclusion More than 1000 religious leaders  have written an open letter to America and its leaders: We join with many Americans in questioning the need for the death penalty in our modern society and in challenging the effectiveness of this punishment, which has consistently been shown to be ineffective, unfair, and inaccurate...With the prosecution of even a single capital case costing millions of dollars, the cost of executing 1,000 people has easily risen to billions of dollars. In light of the serious economic challenges that our country faces today, the valuable resources that are expended to carry out death sentences would be better spent investing in programs that work to prevent crime, such as improving education, providing services to those with mental illness, and putting more law enforcement officers on our streets. We should make sure that money is spent to improve life, not destroy it...As people of faith, we take this opportunity to reaffirm our opposition to the death penalty and to express our belief in the sacredness of human life and in the human capacity for chan ge. In 2005, Congress considered the Streamlined Procedures Act (SPA), which would have amended the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). AEDPA placed restrictions on the power of federal courts to grant writs of habeas corpus to state prisoners. The SPA would have imposed additional limits on the ability of state inmates to challenge the constitutionality of their imprisonment through habeas corpus.

Eating in class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eating in class - Essay Example Also, students should not be allowed to eat in class because other students can become distracted. Time spent in the classroom should be for learning, so if one student eats then it will likely get the attention of other students. These students then may start to feel hungry and will not focus on the lesson at hand. Finally, students should be prohibited from eating during class because it is just plain rude. In most cultures when someone is eating it is a nice thing to offer food to the other people. If a student eats in class alone, then they are causing the other students to become jealous. Since it is wrong to share food in class, it is also wrong for one person to eat during class. Eating during class can be a divisive issue because there is no denying that people need to eat. However, there is a time and place for this, and the classroom is not the place for that. Most people are against students eating during class because the food can smell bad, other students may lose focus of the lesson, and it is rude to eat in front of

Human resources Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resources - Case Study Example The wage rates of the people marked on an industry-average basis are evaluated in terms of piece-rate system relating more to the Production workers where pieces produced by each individual are noted. Basic Workers are also rendered yearly bonuses that also depend on their merit or performance rates. The compensation program of Lincoln Electric can be enhanced through introduction of non-financial benefits like Training and Job Recognition programs and yearly Compensation Cost attributed likewise is furnished to employees (The Lincoln Electric Company, n.d., p. 569-570). Compensation package of Southwest Airlines is however found to comprise of a basic pay which is below the industry average. Additions are rendered to Basic Wages in the form of Profit and Stock Sharing endeavors where employees are rendered a part of the company’s yearly profits along with encouraging them to purchase shares of the concern. The people procure shares through allocation of profits or through a d eduction in their pays. Other performance recognition and reward programs are also generated financial or non-financial in nature to enhance the Total Compensation Package. ... 586-587). Benefits and Services The Benefits and Services rendered should be properly planned and executed by the organization to match the demands and aspirations of the employees through the process of employee surveys. Innovation must be rendered to as to the type and range of benefits and enhancement would be rendered through comparison based on industry standards. In the process of surveys and decision-making ventures related to benefit planning both the employees and the union bodies must be taken into consideration. Finally having decided on the benefits based on the cost structure it must be adequately communicated to the beneficiaries to help them optimize and gain on present and future opportunities (Sims, 2007, p.484-485). Range of benefits and services rendered to the staffs in Lincoln Electric contain both financial and non-financial categories. In financial category benefits related to medical insurance and retirement financing schemes are on the cards. Non-financial be nefits consist of meals obtained from the office cafeteria at concessional or discounted rates. Again the employees receive insurance for disability or accidental reasons from the Employee Association body. The company also renders right to older employees to procure stocks of the company wherein they gain on dividends same like the external shareholders. However the executives of the company are devoid of other perks like parking facilities and reserved washrooms and eating zones (The Lincoln Electric Company, n.d., p. 571-572). Southwest Airlines is also found to render a host of benefits to the employees both financial and non-financial in nature. The financial benefits that consist of a range of insurance benefits related to medical, life, disability, mental needs and

Love Mary Cassatt's style was heavily influenced by Essay

Love Mary Cassatt's style was heavily influenced by - Essay Example In 1914, the technique that she had adopted in impressionism gained recognition as she was awarded Gold medal for her contribution in the technique. Edgar Degas and the Japanese form of art influenced her initial poses in her paintings when lines had been introduced in her pieces, and motion incorporated to bring life into her paintings (Brill, 87). The major themes that she captured in her work were that of the feminine features. Most of her paintings were full of scenes of mothers and their daughters. Through impressionism, she managed to depict these images vividly and establish a use of color to bring interest among her viewers. Some of her famous works include â€Å"The loge† and â€Å"cup of tea.† Apart from the impressionistic movement, her love for the Japanese prints contributed to her development of intricate patterns in her work. Mary Cassatt was a dominant member of the impressionism movement. Though not recognized as an established impressionist, her works led to the spread of the movement, especially in America. Her studies that depicted mothers and children suggested she was a female

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Financial Management - Essay Example If the current ratio is below 1, the company is said to be unable to meet its liabilities. In the M. D. Ryngaert & Co, the profitability may have contributed to the increase in the current ration and making the turnover ratio to remain constant. The profits got from the daily operations in the company are used to expand the operations thereby leading to the changes in the current ratio. This includes the gross and the net profit after the daily expenses are deducted from the revenues got. The gross profit is used to determine the margins the company is getting. In the same way, it can be a measure of the efficiency of the company in carrying out its operations (Milkovinch, 2010). On the other hand the net profitability depends on the daily expenses in the company. The higher the expenses the lower the net profit and this will affect the company’s running. This may result to the company selling some of its current assets in order to meet the liabilities. Many scholars have advanced in the analyzing on the reasons that would lead to an increase in the current ratio while the turnover ratio remains constant. The major explanation given to this would be the improved liquidity in the company. According to Thomas (2003), liquidity is the capital already available in a firm. In a deeper explanation, a company’s liquidity is the amount of cash or capita which is available for use or spending. In the M.D Ryngaert & Co. the rise in the current ratio while the turnover ratio remains constant can be attributed to several reasons. The company may have seen an improvement in the liquidity due to some reasons. In the M. D. Ryngaert & Co, the external cash flow may have been directed to acquiring new products or the getting more employees. All this may have contributed to the rising of the increased current ratio while the turnover ratio remained constant. In cases where the current ratio of a company falls below 1, the company is unable to meet its